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Wednesday, 16 October 2013

Iconography. Femme Fatale/1: Medusa

Medusa is the apotropaic par excellence.
Two staring eyes. A talisman.
From the second half of 19th century, the central-european world of literature and art assisted to the turning feminine of the anti-hero character. Moreover, in this period mythological –and archetypical- figures as Medusa, Sphinx or Salomé were all considered and represented as different sides of the same coin: no longer an ancient myth, but something present and actual, in a conception that would have given birth to the myth of the Femme Fatale, referring to the modern society woman who can be at the same time more emancipated, hyper-attractive and pitiless destructive, conducting the male to death or madness.
Just to take some important examples of this symbolist current: Gustave Moreau, L’apparition (1876, Paris, Musée d’Orsay), Jean Delville, L’idole de la Perversité (1891, private collection), Franz Von Stuck, The Sin (1893, Munich, Neue Pinakothek) and The kiss of the Sphinx (1895, private collection), Arnold Böklin, Shield with the head of Medusa (1897, Paris, Musée d’Orsay), Paul Dardé, Eternelle douleur (or Tête de prostituée, 1913, Paris, Musée d’Orsay).

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G. Moreau, L'apparition, 1876  

 
F. Von Stuck, The Sin, 1893 
 
Particularly, the head of Medusa screaming and surrounded by snakes is represented as a desperate, strong and powerful icon that petrifies anyone looking at her directly in her hypnotic eyes. Having been a beautiful maid, she has undertaken this horrible metamorphosis after the rape by Poseidon in the temple of Athena. A victim who becomes persecutor.
Between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Medusa’s iconography confirmed itself as the perfect support for an art who aimed to oblige the spectator to face his own, secret and most intimate fears, being at the same time an amulet for them.
Finally, in a 1940’s study by Sigmund Freud, Das Medusenhaupt (Medusa’s Head), she’s presented as the supreme talisman that provides the image of castration –associated in the child’s mind with the discovery of maternal sexuality- and its denial”.

I’ve selected this particular theme at the very beginning of this blogging voyage because of my fascination for decadent, symbolist, Munich- and Vienna-Secession art and because I want to start with a powerful image. Last spring I’ve been at a great exhibition hosted in the Musée d’Orsay in Paris, L’ange du Bizarre. Le romantisme noir de Goya à Max Ernst (5.3.2013-9.6.2013), in which the anti-hero figure was central and deeply investigated.
The inspiration has gone by, and so my creation.
I’ve been looking for an image that had to be not only descriptive, but most of all iconic. So, between tons of representation I’ve chosen Von Stuck’s one (1892).
It is perfect: a pale face emerges from the dark background, and two shiny, wide-open eyes are blocked forever in an archetypical expression that’s contemporarily scaring and deeply fascinating. 

 F. Von Stuck, Medusa, 1892
 
The long necklace is conceived as a simple medal with a shiny resin cabochon and a thin wire of small scarlet beads in Murano glass paste, referring to the blood that spurted from the neck after her beheading by Perseus and the consequent creation of the corals in the Red Sea.

 
Medusa cabochon sautoir, preliminary sketch

Photos © Francesca Zabarella
  
The earrings are the result of the juxtaposition of Von Stuck’s painting onto a score containing La Traviata, by the italian composer Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) -another famous Femme Fatale-.

Photos © Francesca Zabarella
 
Simply magical.

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